ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION SUPPORT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Актуальність. Оскільки, згідно стратегії державної екологічної політики України на період до 2030 року однією із першопричин екологічних проблем України є неефективна система державного управління у сфері охорони навколишнього природного середовища, моніторингу його стану, регулювання використання природних ресурсів та забезпечення екологічної безпеки, питання удосконалення інформаційного забезпечення країни є особливо актуальним. Мета та завдання. Дослідження полягає у розгляді проблем оброблення та представлення екологічної інформації в контексті міжнародної діяльності України та визначенні реальних можливостей країни у сфері надання екологічно цінних даних згідно європейських вимог. Результати. У дослідженні приведені основні міжнародні проекти, які направлені на удосконалення статистичного забезпечення у галузі екології, в яких бере участь Україна протягом останніх років, представлений аналіз істотних результатів країни по завершенню одного із проектів. Також розглянуті основні вимоги діючого проекту до надання екологічної інформації. Приведена забезпеченість надання Україною статистичної інформації по екологічним індикаторам Європейської економічної комісії ООН в межах проекту та фактична наявність цих показників у статистичній документації України. Розглянуто один із варіантів удосконалення інформаційного забезпечення України у галузі екології. Висновки. Обґрунтовано, що не зважаючи на учать країни в міжнародних проектах, які направлені на удосконалення статистичного забезпечення у галузі екології, Україна не вкладає необхідну кількість зусиль для отримання істотних результатів у даному напрямку. Проаналізовано, що на кінець дії одного із проектів в галузі управління даними та інформацією про стан навколишнього середовища і їх спільного використання Україна з усіх країн-учасниць, внесла чи не найменший внесок в розвиток інформаційного забезпечення, а в межах діючого проекту частину показників Україна не надає, не зважаючи на наявність необхідних даних у відкритих джерелах екологічної інформації. Ключові слова: управління, статистика, екологічний індикатор, статистичні спостереження.


Problem statement and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks.
At any level of environmentally-oriented public economic governance, objective and well-defined management decisions require complete and reliable statistical information. Performing a variety of functions to collect, systematize and analyze information that characterizes the economic and social development of society, statistics play the role of the main supplier of accurate and indisputable facts for management needs in any field of activity of the country.
Analysis of recent publications on the problem. Problems of statistical research are considered by leading scientists of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Auditing.
Allocation of previously unsolved parts of the general problem. Despite the fact that Ukraine sufficiently actively addresses the problems of statistical support, the issue of environmental statistics is given the least attention; at the moment, environmental information support is one of the priorities when considering the international practice.
Formulation of research objectives (problem statement). The main objectives of this study are to address the problems of processing and presenting environmental information in the context of Ukraine's international activities.
An outline of the main results and their justification. As most environmental issues are global in nature, international statistical observations play a particular role at the moment. Since 2010, the European Union (EU) has been developing regional cooperation in the Eastern Partnership countries -Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. This cooperation aims to strengthen their capacity in data management and disseminationof environmental information. The European Union funded this cooperation under the project "Towards a Common Environmental Information System (SEIS) in the European Neighborhood", implemented by the European Environment Agency (EANS). The project supported initiatives to improve environmental governance in the Eastern Partnership countries.
Four years of regional cooperation have resulted in significant progress in areas such as the creation of coordination structures in countries, the mobilization of resources to prepare environmental indicators, and the modernization of information systems, which has improved the quality of reporting and facilitated the sharing of environmental data [2].
An analysis of the significant results achieved in all Eastern Partnership countries is presented in Table  1.
As can be seen from the A new EANS project has been in operation since 2016. The overall objective of the project is to further implement the principles and methods of the Common Environmental Information System (SEIS) in the six EaP countries. The project builds on the achievements and results of previous cooperation within the framework of the project on the creation of a Common Environmental Information System in the European Neighborhood region and aims to further strengthen the capacity of the relevant agencies of the participating countries in the next areas:  cooperation: forming partnerships between producers and users of data and information;

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 content: producing comparative information that meets policy needs;  Infrastructure: application of common modern information communication tools. A separate objective of the project is to contribute to the regular preparation of environmental indicators and reports on the state of the environment to create a scientific and information base for policy development and quality management in the field of environment [3].
Within the framework of this project, an open database for participating countries is provided, which contains statistical information on environmental indicators of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. According to this database, Ukraine provides about 50% availability of environmental indicators (Table 2).  [4] At the same time, analysis of the statistical information of Ukraine indicates that the country conducts a statistical survey of at least 85-90% of indicators, but they are not presented within the framework of the EANS project. Data that is not available in the open project database can be found in the Ecological passports [5] and in the Regional reports on the state of the environment [6], as well as in state-level statistical collections ("Statistical collection of Ukraine" [7], "Ukraine in figures" [8]) and in the documentation of various organizations involved in environmental monitoring (Central Geophysical Observatory named after Boris Sreznevsky [9, 10]), etc. It leads to the conclusion that Ukraine does not put maximum efforts into preparation and design statistical information as apart of its international activities.
It should also be noted that despite the availability of statistical information on some of the indicators, the data on them were last updated in 2013-2015.
In 2018, the Government endorsed the concept developed by the Ministry of Natural Resources for the creation of a nationwide automated Open Environment system, which will be freely accessible and integrate into one electronic database the environmental data of various central executive bodies and local selfgovernment bodies.
The purpose of the Concept of creation of the national automated system "Open environment" 2019  to reach a new level of public administration in the field of environmental protection;  to form a national information and telecommunication infrastructure of state and local selfgovernment bodies in the field of environmental protection;  to ensure respect for the environmental rights of citizens in the part of free access to environmental information on the state of the environment;  publish public registers of open data in the field of environmental protection;  to modernize the procedure and improve the quality of the provision of administrative services in the field of environmental protection through transformation into digital format (digitalization);  to ensure compliance with Ukraine's international commitments in the field of environmental protection, including the rational use, reproduction and protection of natural resources;  to ensure the regular production of environmental indicators and assessments for environmental policy-making, management decisions, and the exchange of environmental information at the international level in accordance with the principles of the European Environmental Agency's Joint Environmental Information System.
A trial version of the Open Environment system has already been launched into an electronic resource with the following items [12]: -water, air, metadata directory, eco-finance.
The section "water" presents the same data provided by the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine. Eco-finance is also information on the total amount of environmental tax in each region of Ukraine for 2017. The "air" and "metadata catalog" sections are not yet operational. In the metadata directory, the list of future indicators are environmental indicators of the European Economic Commission for Europe. That is, a new project designed to address the inadequacies of statistical support relies on international requirements and requires the immediate formulation of environmental information flows from data sources to a "metadata catalog" within the automated Open Environment system, which will also allow environmental information to be provided to an open database promptly of the UNECE project.
As one of the main tasks of environmental statistics is to support sound environmental policies, the information must be complete and reliable. At the same time, in the Mykolaiv and Kherson regions, data on eco-finance in the Open Environment system do not correspond to those provided in the Environmental Reports of these regions for the same year (Table 3). It is impossible to compare the data in the Odessa region because in the regional report the environmental tax is indicated only for small and medium-sized enterprises.
It should also be noted that according to the Report on the results of the audit of the effectiveness of the exercise of powers by public authorities in terms of control over the completeness and timeliness of receipt of environmental tax on emissions into the atmosphere and discharges into water bodies, there are several problems in Ukraine [15]: -untimely submission of environmental tax filers by taxpayers; -failure to submit tax reports on environmental tax during 2015-2016; -there are cases of lowering in the environmental tax declarations by the payers of the actual volumes of pollutant emissions into the air.
Apparently, in the area of information security there are problems with the submission of information to objects that directly affect the NA.
To address all of the above issues, it is necessary that the Open Environment performs not only the function of presenting general environmental information, which is also provided in various forms of reports. It should be a multifunctional, automated resource, provide up-to-date information and be useful not only to the ordinary citizen, but also to the owners of environmental information, in order to create an effective basis for managing the development of greening. For this reason, already functioning systems must be taken as the basis. An example of such a system is the SAP ERP SAP R / 3: a system that supports and integrates the company's business processes in real time.
This system can be taken as a basis for the development of an effective resource in the field of ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ІННОВАЦІЇ Том 21, Вип. 4 (73) 91 information support as a component of the system of managing the development of greening of economic sectors. In this respect, the environmental information collection and analysis system developed based onERP SAP R / 3 will have several advantages:  flexible adaptation of the system to changes in environmental legislation;  providing users of all levels with accurate and reliable information in real-time;  ability to analyze information for management decisions;  ability to control factors that affect the effectiveness of greening;  the use of a single integrated solution for all areas of the country's activities;  increasing the efficiency of greening;  increasing transparency through transparency;  storage of large amounts of information and data protection;  reducing the need to prepare much of the paper reports and more. Not only will such a system provide general environmental information, it will also allow the automatic calculation of certain indicators, such as environmental taxes or average concentrations of pollutants, which will simplify conditions for environmental activities, as well as objects that have a negative impact on the environment in different sectors of economy and higher authorities, because the system will simplify the process of formation of statistical collections and, thanks to up-to-date information, will speed up the process of responding to negative trends in the state of the environment. It, in turn, will lead to the development of management decisions in the field of greening will be implemented more quickly and based on of relevant, true, undistorted environmental information.
The scheme for collecting and analyzing environmental information developed based on the ERP system SAP R / 3 is presented in Fig. 1. -all enterprises and objects that have a negative impact on the state of the environment; -NPS quality monitoring laboratories.

Organizational users
Benefits that users receive at every organizational level -users receive reliable information about the state of the NPC of the country for operational strategic planning; -allows to detect in advance negative trends in the ecological state of the country; -information is not delayed and is current; -possibility of automatic calculation of average concentrations and total values of indicators, which will simplify the process of preparation of Ecological passports and reports on the state of the environment; -eliminate the possibility of distortion of statistical information; -an opportunity to formulate lists of key environmental indicators that are required in the development of environmentally-friendly management decisions for each sector of the economy.
-the rights of the people are respected in terms of free access to environmental information; -possibility of providing information on the administrative-territorial principle in the form of an analogue of the Ecological passport of the region.

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The only downside is that using such a system poses significant requirements for the training of economic and statistical specialists at the middle and higher organizational levels, which will be able to: -collect, organize and analyze a statistical information on the socio-economic development of society; -to develop and apply appropriate methods of processing and summarizing statistical information; -to make based on statistical analysis of generalizations and conclusions, to justify management decisions; -realistically evaluate the consequences of management decisions made based on statistical analysis; -to make effective use of the latest information technologies for processing statistical information.
Conclusions and perspectives of further research. Despite the country's involvement in international projects aimed at improving statistical support in the field of ecology, Ukraine does not make the necessary efforts to produce significant results in this area. It is necessary to be more productive in EU projects aimed at enhancing data management and environmental information capacity. It is also necessary to formulate flows of environmental information from the primary sources of data to the "metadata catalog" within the framework of the automated system «Open Environment», that will allow timely provision of environmental information to the open database of the EANS project, and will improve information support of Ukraine in the context of international requirements.