SUPPORTING OF SUSTAINABLE USE OF TERRITORIES AND OBJECTS OF THE NATURAL RESERVE FUND ON THE BASIS OF THE "GREEN ECONOMY"

Topicality. "Green economy" is an integral part of sustainable development of society and aims at raising the standards of human life on the basis of preservation of the environment and more effective use and protection of natural resources. One of the economic and ecological priorities of the "green economy" is to ensure the sustainable use of the territories and objects of the nature reserve fund. In order to assess the results of implementation the "green economy"objectives for sustainable development of these territories, it is necessary to develop a system of indicators and determine the extent of their implementation in Ukraine.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop a system of indicators for assessing the sustainable use of territories and objects of nature reserve fund and analysis of their achievements in Ukraine. The main tasks of the article are: definining the methodological approaches to the formation of assessment indicators system based on economic&ecological and technical indicators of the protected areas status; assessment the implementation of green economy model in Ukraine on the basis of developed indicators of sustainable development.Research results. The analysis of sustainable development indicators showed positive trends in the growth of the total area of protected areas, in particular in the mountainous regions (Lviv, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi), and the ecological network for more than half during the last decades. The biodiversity of the natural reserve fund of Ukraine is characterized by more than four thousand species of plants in these territories, the economic development of which takes into account the features of natural objects and aimed at their conservation.Conclusions. In Ukraine, there are ongoing measures to achieve the objectives of the "Green Economy", in particular, there is a positive dynamics in increasing the territories and objects of nature reserve fund, including in mountainous regions and the ecological network. The results of solving the problem of preservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems are practically closer to the target landmarks. The institutional environment and the system of public administration and administration of the formation of nature reserve fund should develop in the direction of ensuring the fulfillment of the priority goals of the "green economy". An analysis of allocation the financial resources for conservation, restoration and improvement of the territories and objects state of Ukrainian nature reserve fund showed that there are trends in increasing their volumes and prospects of achieving the "green economy" benchmarks in this area.

Problem statement and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks.At the Sustainable Development Summit in 2015, United Nations Member States have adopted a new global sustainable development program with seventeen Goals to be achieved by 2030.These objectives are characterized by a wide range of coverage, as they involve the consideration of interconnected elements of sustainable development, one of which is the adapted for Ukraineprotection and restoration of land ecosystems [33, p. 109].The condition of land ecosystems sustainability is the full compliance of land resources usage with landscape-specific features, preservation of their ecological characteristics and biodiversity.Modern ecosystems of Ukraine are characterized by a negative balance of humus, organic matter, important elements of nutrition, contamination of heavy metals, activation of erosion processes.This leads to the degradation of soils and the deterioration of ecosystem`s potential sustainability, the degradation of biological, agrochemical and agrophysical indicators that determine the quality of soils.One of the most effective rehabilitation of ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity is the formation of an ecological network, territories and objects of the natural reserve fund and protected areas of international importance.
Analysis of recent publications on the problem.The conducted statistical and analytical studies indicate that the implementation of the Fifteenth Sustainable Development Goal, adapted for Ukraine, has a close relationship with the National Program for the Establishment of the National Ecological Network, as well as the tasks identified in the Strategic Plan on Biodiversity for 2011-2020.
Allocation of previously unsolved parts of the general problem.Sustainable development of territories involves balanced integrated land use, sustainable forest management, and reduction of plowed areas.Differences in qualitative properties of land are objectively determined, but in due course anthropogenic load aggravates their primary characteristics.Providing a state-of-the-art ensures the preservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial, inland and mountainous ecosystems.This task has not been fully implemented and remains relevant.

Formulation of research objectives (problem statement).
The purpose of the article is to provide a vision for the achievement by Ukraine of the fifteenth Sustainable Development Goalthe protection and restoration of land ecosystems, approved by the United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development and adapted for Ukraine.
Outline of the main results and their justification.Assessment of implementation of conceptual provisions of the "green economy" in Ukraine in the context of sustainable development of Ukraine on the basis of compliance 15 th Sustainable Development Goal were based on the calculation of indicators according to the National Report "Sustainable Development Goals: Ukraine", green growth indicators, author's indicators by other sources (Table 1 The state authorities of Ukraine and community management bodies regulate the activity of these objects.However, there are negative aspects of the management of the natural reserve fund that reduce the pace of achievement the Sustainable Development Goal: -the financial resources earmarked for the natural reserve fund are insufficient; -the institutional environment and the system of public administration and administration of the formation the nature reserve fund are not aimed at its development and requires improvement; -opportunistic behavior and behavior of the limited rationality of the apparatus of state management of the nature reserve fund constrains its increase in the areas of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund. And there are a number of positive aspects that should include the increase in the areas of the nature reserve fund and the ecological network for more than half during the last decade and the overall positive dynamics in solving the problem of preservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems (Table 2, Table 3, Table 4).In 2017 the actual area of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund in Ukraine, has reached 3985,0 ths.ha, having increased by 85,4% from 2013 (see Table 2-6).Target indicator of 6276,9 ths.ha for the years 2013-2017, the highest growth rate (72,9%) was observed in 2014.The share of the actual area of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund in the total territory of the country in 2015, according to the latest data, was 6,3%, the target the indicator is 10,4%, the share of the area of territories and objects of the natural reserve fund in the total territory of the country in 2017 was 6,8%.The share of the area of territory of the national ecological network in the total territory of the country in 2017 -38,16%, having increased by 0,06% as compared to 2005, the target value is 39.For the analyzed period of 2005-2017, the total area of the territories and objects of the nature reserve fund increased by 53,8%.The highest growth rate (8,9%) was also observed in 2014.
Financing for the conservation of biodiversity and habitats for the period from 2010 to 2016 years has increased more than 2,3 times, and the same indicator per hectare of territory has increased by 1,5 times.Information data on the financing of the conservation of natural and landscape objects, the creation, promotion and preservation of the territories and objects of the nature reserve fund are insufficient, but analyzing the available, you can indicate the positive dynamics.Other costs related to the conservation of biodiversity and habitats of the country's total territory and 1 hectare for the period under study are characterized by a gradual decrease.29, p. 120; 30, p. 94; 4, p. 164, 187; 5, p. 177, 198; 6, p. 198, 210; 7, p. 188, 200; 8, p. 185, 205, 221] In 2016, according to the statistics, the area of the nature reserve fund in the mountainous regions of Ukraine reached 657,2 ths.ha, having increased by 18,52% in comparison with 2005 (see Table 7), which was 72,6%, from the securities.In 2006-2017, the highest growth rate of protected areas in mountain regions (1,7%) was observed in 2014, however, over the past years, it gradually began to decline.The share of the territory of nature reserve fund in mountain regions in the total territory of country in 2016 amounted to only 1,09%, having increased by 0,03% compared to 2010, and the CPU-0.41.
The natural reserve fund of mountain regions was considered in the context of four regions -Lviv, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi.Their biodiversity numbers more than 4 thousand species of higher plantsthe fourth part of flora of the European continent.Economic development of these territories exists not so long ago, but the territory of natural reserve fund expands every year.In these regions, close to the natural group of forests, subalpine ceilings, alpine meadows have been preserved, which contributes to the positive development of environmentally valuable areas and the possibility of their conservation through the implementation of financial measures [19, p. 246-254].The dynamics of funding for the conservation of biodiversity and habitat is characterized by an increase of 2,9, indicating positive opportunities for the development of a nature reserve fund in mountain regions.
Finansing for the conservation of natural and landscaped sites and other costs associated with biodiversity conservation and habitat increase at a slow pace, which requires close attention in the process of achieving the Sustainable Development Goal.
The assessment of the indicators of mountain ecosystems` conservation of in Ukraine indicates positive dynamics, an increasing trend, characterized by an increase in the areas of protected areas in mountainous regions, as well as an increase in financing for their development.However, given the importance of mountain regions for ecological, economic, social, cultural and agricultural sectors, their development needs more attention.Today, mountain areas are characterized by a high level of living space development, which does not correspond to the criterial values of the indicators of load on mountain areas.
Estimation of the dynamics of indicators for the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems for the implementation of the fifteenth Sustainable Development Goal shows that costs related to the conservation of biodiversity and habitat and other expenditures related to biodiversity and habitat conservation have negative dynamics evaluation.The share of the area of territories and objects of nature reserve fund in the general territory of the region needs additional researches.Target indicator of the actual area of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund in the total territory of country and indicator of areas of natural reserve fund in mountain regions are not reached.But in general, the dynamics of the group of indicators for the conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems in Ukraine is positive, has a growing trend, indicating an increase in the areas of territories and objects of nature reserve fund and territories of national ecological networks.
Conclusions and perspectives of further research.In Ukraine, there are ongoing measures to achieve the objectives of the "Green Economy", in particular, there is a positive dynamics in increasing the territories and objects of nature reserve fund, including in mountainous regions and the ecological network.The results of solving the problem of preservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems are practically closer to the target landmarks.The institutional environment and the system of public administration and administration of the formation of nature reserve fund should develop in the direction of ensuring the fulfillment of the priority goals of the "green economy".An analysis of allocation the financial resources for conservation, restoration and improvement of the territories and objects state of Ukrainian nature reserve fund showed that there are trends in increasing their volumes and prospects of achieving the "green economy" benchmarks in this area.

Table 1 A system of indicators for assessing the implementation of the fifteenth Sustainable Development Goal (Protection and restoration of terrestrial ecosystems)
).The area of territories and objects of nature reserve fund, ths.ha * 15.1.2.The share of the area of territories and objects of nature reserve fund in general territory of the region, %* 15.1.3.The share of territory of national ecological network in general territory of the region, %* 15.1.4.Indicator of actual area of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund in the total territory of country in % by 2013, the target indicator 2020.*** 15.1.5.The total area of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund, ths.ha*** 15.1.6.The share of the area of territories and objects of nature reserve fund in the The territory of the natural reserve fund in mountainous regions, ths.ha* 15.4.2.The share of the territory of the nature reserve fund in mountainous regions, %* * Indicator calculated by source [33, p. 109]; ** Indicatorby other sources; *** Indicatorproposed by the author. Notes:

Table 4 The total area of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund, ths. ha Indicators
Dynamics of the indicator of actual and total areas of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund and territories and objects of the mountain regions natural reserve fund in the general territory of country* Notes: Built according to the table 2, 4, 11.

Table 5 Financing for the conservation of biodiversity and habitat thousand UAH
Notes: Built according to the table 5, 6.