SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF LOGISTIC ACTIVITIES OF THE ENTERPRISE

Актуальність. На даний час актуалізуються проблеми вдосконалення управління логістичною діяльністю підприємств. Логістична складова стає стратегічно важливим чинником, що відображається на фінансових результатах підприємства. Логістична діяльність є основним центром оптимізації витрат і, як наслідок, важелем підвищення рівня прибутковості, оскільки на ланцюг поставок припадає значна частка витрат підприємства. Отже, у сучасних умовах господарювання одним із важливіших резервів скорочення витрат і підвищення ефективності функціонування вітчизняних підприємств є формування системи управління логістичною діяльністю з використанням системного підходу. Мета та завдання. Метою статті є розробка науково-методичного забезпечення вдосконалення системи управління логістичною діяльністю підприємства. Результати. Уточнено зміст і визначено основні елементи терміна «система управління логістичною діяльністю підприємства». Запропоновано структурну й структурно-функціональні схеми формування системи управління логістичною діяльністю підприємства. Розроблено комплекс пропозицій щодо вдосконалення системи управління логістичною діяльністю підприємств, до яких віднесено: управління матеріально-технічним постачанням, управління запасами, управління процесами обслуговування споживачів, управління транспортними потоками, управління збутовою діяльністю, управління ризиками логістичної діяльності, удосконалення ціноутворення, інформаційне забезпечення організації процесів логістичної діяльності на основі використання сучасних цифрових технологій і логістичних концепцій. Висновки. Обґрунтовано, що впровадження пропозицій з удосконалення системи управління логістичною діяльністю підприємств сприяє економії витрат на організацію процесів матеріально-технічного забезпечення, формування запасів, транспортування та збуту продукції. Ключові слова: підприємство, управління логістичною діяльністю, система, принципи, методи, функції управління, інструменти, механізм.

Problem statement and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks.The issues of improving the management of logistics activities of enterprises are currently actualized.The logistics component is becoming strategically the most important factor that appear in the financial results of the enterprises.Logistics activity is the main centre of cost optimization and, as a consequence, the lever to raise the level of profitability, as the supply chain accounts for a substantial part of the cost of the enterprise.
In Ukraine for the transportation and storage of products, the subjects of economic activity spend approximately 15% of GDP.In the EU countries and the USA logistics costs account for 12-16% of GDP, in China 26%, Japan -6%.Ukrainian companies annually invest about $ 10 billion USD in the logistics.70% of the logistics costs are transportation costs, 25% are storage and 5% for the management of logistics flows [1, p. 29].
Thus, in modern conditions of managing one of the most important reserves of cost reduction and increase of efficiency of functioning of domestic enterprises is formation of system of management of logistic activities using a systematic approach.
Analysis of recent publications on the problem.A significant number of scientific works devoted to the conceptual framework, scientific and methodological approaches and practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of management of logistic activities of enterprises of various industries.
As the analysis of international and domestic scientific sources on logistics, shows the scientists paid much attention to the justification and development: logistic model of distribution [2, p.

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methodical approach to calculation of indicators of efficiency and productivity of customer service [14, p. 17]; concepts, optimization models and supply chain management strategies [15, p. 77; 16; 17; 18; 19; 20]; scientific and methodological bases of risk management of enterprises.practical tools to determine the logistic risk under conditions of uncertainty and the use of risk management in the management of logistic systems of enterprises in order to optimize the process of rational decision-making [21; 22, p. 233; 23; 24]; tools and methods of accounting of warehouse operations using automated and information and communication technologies [25].
Allocation of previously unsolved parts of the general problem.However, despite such close attention to the identified problem on the part of scientists, it remains relevant to conduct research in the line of improving the management of logistic activities of enterprises, which must meet modern requirements of management in the context of globalization and European integration.
Formulation of research objectives (problem statement).The purpose of the article is to develop scientific and methodological support of improving the management system of logistic activities of the company.
An outline of the main results and their justification.As a result of scientific researches it is revealed that as management system of logistic activities of enterprise (MSLA) we should understand the interrelated set of objects and subjects of management through the implementation of the full range of management functions and processes of logistics activities in a single complex on the basis of use of mechanisms of information and organizational support.
The management system of logistic activities of an enterprise is a system that includes several components (processing and implementation of orders, transportation, warehousing, inventory management, customer service), performs the relevant functions and has developed relationships with the external environment, i.e. market, (intermediaries, consumers and other participants).This is a relatively stable set of structural units (functional departments of the enterprise and participants of sales networks) interconnected and united by a common processes to control logistics activities to implement the strategic objectives of the enterprise.
The characteristic properties of MSLA of enterprises include: complexity, structure, hierarchy, emergence, flexibility, dynamism, focus on integral efficiency, synergies (synergetic effect).
The purpose of the functioning of MSLA is supported by the implementation of interrelated subsystems, functions and tasks of process to control logistics activities.This will help to reduce the cost of organizing the processes of material and technical supply, reserves, transportation and sales of finished products (Fig. 1).
Formation of management system of logistic activities of an enterprise should be based on the mechanism.As the analysis of scientific literature shows, the mechanism is considered as: the set of processes, techniques, methods, approaches, implementation of certain actions to achieve the goal; the sequence of stages and the set of ways; the sequence of stages and the set of methods; the set of events and the sequence of their use; the way of organizing and managing the production with its inherent forms, methods and means; the sequence of processes, phases, procedures and instruments.
The components of the mechanism may typically include tools and resources; objects and resources; methods, levers and tools; a set of forms and methods; means.
Since the activities of economic entities depends on a number of economic and financial factors (such as refusal of consumers from payments for products sold, change in contractual relationship among partners; limitation of financial resources; volatility of demand), it is reasonable to use a set of tools to be applied in the regulation of the conditions of the organization of logistic activities.
Such tools include: the price as an investment resource in the development of enterprises; contracts for the supply, which takes into account prepayment or deferred payment for goods shipped (for large consumers) and wholly in advance (for medium and small wholesale consumers); penalties in case of untimely refusal of consumers from the supply of products; forecasting as a tool for planning of logistic activities.

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Fig. 2 The main elements of the management system of logistics activities of the enterprise (author's development) For effective management of logistics activities of enterprises it is necessary to apply management techniques (organizational, economic, socio-psychological) and to introduce modern information systems, digital technologies and logistic concepts.
Thus, the mechanism on which the formation of MSLA of the enterprise should be based, is considered as a set of principles, tools, functions, methods, and means aimed at reducing the level of expenses for the organization of processes of logistics activities and different logistics services (transport, storage, marketing) (Fig. 2).
The mechanism is an interlinked set of economic relations, principles, methods and forms of organization of logistic processes of the enterprise The formation of management system of logistic activities of an enterprise is understood as set of interrelated organizational, technical, economic and social measures to improve the management of logistics activities aimed at continuous improvement of the efficiency of the enterprise by reducing the level of costs, regulated by normative documents (Fig. 3).
Logistic activities is a kind of commercial activity, the implementation of which requires the realization of consequent logistics processes in a single unit, which allows to minimize the costs and losses of the enterprise taking into account influence of various risks The management of logistics activities is a continuous and iterative process that is carried out through the implementation of the functions of management (forecasting, planning, organization, accounting, control, analysis, regulation) of the single set of sequential processes of logistics activities The components of the mechanism

Departments:
planning and analytical; -transport; -on organization of contract activities; -marketing; -on risk management of logistic activities; -control and accounting.

The subject of management
The integrated organizational structure of logistics activities management

The object of management
A set of sequential processes

Formation of reserves
Customer service Transportation of products Sales Fig. 3 Structural scheme of formation of management system of logistic activities of the enterprise (author's development) Formation of management system of logistic activities of the enterprise should be based on qualitatively new principles of functioning: using a systematic approach to the organization of logistics activities in a single complex, the essence of which consists in the implementation of a set of interrelated, sequential processes (the study of the needs and demand of the customers, material and technical supply, transportation and warehousing of material resources, production of goods, the formation of industrial, warehouse and inventory, customer service, transportation and marketing of products) and various logistics services;

General enterprise management system
Subsystem to manage the material and technical supply

Subsystem to manage the production
The subsystem to control warehouse economy The subsystem of management of customer service processes The subsystem to control the sales activity The subsystem to control the innovations and changes The subject of management (the management system) leaders and specialists of divisions of the enterprise The object of management (controlled system)the unit of sequential processes of the logistics activities of the enterprise

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implementation of the full range of management functions (forecasting, planning, organization, accounting, control, analysis and regulation) y the set of consistently implemented processes of logistic activities; differentiation of consumers on a large, medium and small wholesale, based on the volumes of annual demand; partnership relations of participants in value chains should be a voluntary cooperation, synergies of integration efforts, goals and resources of the partners, on the basis of in terms of responsibility, distribution of powers and risks of logistics activities; the implementation of processes of the logistics activities should be based on the introduction of modern information, communication and digital technologies with use of special software of automated control systems, logistics concepts, economic and mathematical methods.
To improve the management system of logistic activities of the enterprise a set of proposals has been developed on: the management of material and technical supply (calculation of the optimum volume of batch supply of material resources, optimization of procurement strategy of the enterprise, improving the management of the procurement process by multi-criteria evaluation of the choice of the optimum supplier of material resources); the inventory management (analysis of inventory volumes in the warehouse, forecasting of the inventory volumes, formation of optimum inventory management strategy, development of inventory management system at enterprise, optimization of volume of production, warehouse and commodity inventory); Table 1 Systematization of the components of the effect from the formation of management system of logistic activities of the enterprise according to different scientific approaches The components of the effect The content of the components of the effect The formation of organizational structure of logistics activities management reducing the cost of logistic activities by 15.3%; decrease in volume of stocks by 28%, the processing time of customer ordersby 25.6%; the increase in timely delivery of products to 98.9%; increase of staff productivity by 29%.Improving the system of planning, accounting and analysis of logistics activities operational planning allows to optimize the use of raw materials by 30%; reduction of expenses for purchase of material resources; reducing the cost and processing time of the order by 20-40%; reducing of planning time to 95%.Optimization of production and inventory resources and their management costs reduction of inventories by 20-40%; reduction of stocks of finished goods in warehouses by 10-12%; reduction of costs for storage of stocks up to 80%.Savings on transportation costs the introduction of the system of optimization of transport operations allows to reduce transport costs by 20-40%.Cost savings on sales activity reduction of costs of delivering products to customers by 20%; reduction of violations of the terms of supply by 30-35%; the increase in the level of service by 15-26%; reduction of terms of delivery of finished goods by 25-45%.Information support of logistics business processes organization reduction of administrative costs for sales and marketing; improving the quality of workflow; reduction of cost of sales, marketing and customer support by 10-15%; improving the accuracy of forecasting sales up to 80%; reduction of time for execution of current operations by 25-30%; growth of profitability of sales by 15-20%.Made according to: [26][27][28][29][30].
traffic management (implementation of cargo management information systems, application of automated processing of documents on completion of transportation of goods, development of proposals to optimize the load of transport, use of Internet technology for automation of transport processes); management of customer service processes (analysis of the volume of shipment of products, forecasting of volumes of shipment of products to consumers, formation of a system of contractual relationships with consumers, improvement of customer-oriented approach to the service of different

Fig. 1 
Fig. 1 Structural and functional scheme of formation of management system of logistic activities of the enterprise (author's development)